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occupational health hazards among health workers in nigeria
Postado em 19 de dezembro, 2020
If workers are to participate in activities to safeguard their health, they must be aware of the risks at work. Methods. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) global strategy on occupational health 2004, 20-50% of textile workers are subjected to hazardous exposures in industrialized countries and the rate may even be higher in developing countries. Just over half were nurses (50.5%), 41% worked in private health facilities and 53.0% had practiced for five or more years. 6,12-14 In a study on occupational hazards and injuries, fisherfolk in Nigeria reported to have suffered from cuts, burns, eye redness, cuts from sharp knives, and pricks from fish spines. The slaughter facilities studied lacked appropriate equipment that promotes workers' health and safety. Studies have shown low utilization of PPE among street sweepers. This study was carried out in the major hospitals which limit generalizability to small and rural health facilities. Numerous occupational hazards and health problems were reported among butchers in this study. The occupational hazards were as follows. 3099067 and health in all countries, particularly in developing countries. Predictors for experiencing hazards included not wearing the necessary personal protective equipment (PPE), working overtime, job related pressures, and working in multiple health facilities. The proportions of nonbiological hazards (Table 3) were higher among females (male (26.3%) versus female (33.6%)), those older than 30 years (≤30 years (23.3%) versus >30 years (38.2%)), those who earned higher monthly incomes (≤500,000 (25.3%) versus >500,000 (37.1%)), those who worked in governmental facilities (government (39.0%) versus others (23.8%)), those with more than five-year duration in service (≤5 years (24.5%) versus >5 years (37.7%)), those who never wore all the necessary PPEs (wore all necessary PPEs (21.7%) versus others (44.7%)), worked over time (yes (36.9%) versus no (18.6%)), those who worked in multiple health facilities (multiple (41.1%) versus others (27.8%)), those who had less than 8 hours of daily sleep (<8 hours (34.0%) versus others (24.0%)), and those who experienced work related pressure (experienced pressure (36.5%) versus others (6.1%)). (i)The occupational hazards were as follows. Ziraba in Uganda, Nsubuga in Uganda, Orij in Nigeria, De Castro in Philippines, and Adib-Hajbaghery in Iran reported that sharp related injuries and stress were the major health related hazards experienced by healthcare workers in their studies [6, 18–21]. A standardized structured questionnaire adapted from the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, US Center for Disease Control and Prevention, with modification to suit the local context consisting of both closed and open ended questions was used to collect the data. Different studies have revealed that fisherfolk experience occupational hazards and risks. If yes: What was the cause?” Twenty structured responses included (1) slips, trips, and falls; (2) physical, psychological, sexual, and/or verbal abuse; (3) cuts/wounds/lacerations; (4) burns; (5) fracture; (6) sharp-related injuries (i.e., needles, etc. Occupational hazard preventive measures among nurses in a Nigerian tertiary health institution Volume 7 Issue 1 - 2020 Seidat Moyosore Ogunnaike, Margaret Omowaleola Akinwaare Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Correspondence: Margaret O Akinwaare, Department of Occupational exposure to HIV through blood or body fluids of HIV/AIDS patients is a recognised risk factor of HIV infections among healthcare workers. The broader classifications were generated as composite endpoints. A higher annual prevalence of back pain (77%) among healthcare workers compared to other occupational groups has been reported [8–11]. Methods. Eight (8) major hospitals were included in this study. Sign up here as a reviewer to help fast-track new submissions. Previous studies on occupational hazards among health-care workers by the United States National Institute of Occupational Health and Safety, Amira and Awobusuyi in Lagos, Fernandes et al. A. Fabunmi, “Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among nurses in Ibadan, South-west Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey,”, A. K. Ziraba, J. Bwogi, A. Namale, C. W. Wainaina, and H. Mayanja-Kizza, “Sero-prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection among health care workers in a tertiary hospital in Uganda,”, E. O. Orji, O. In addition, nonbiological hazards were predicted by working in multiple health facilities. B. Erickson, R. G. Delbos, and S. M. Banks, “The impact of overtime and long work hours on occupational injuries and illnesses: new evidence from the United States,”, F. N. da Silva Borges and F. M. Fischer, “Twelve-hour night shifts of healthcare workers: a risk to the patients?”, C. C. Caruso, T. Bushnell, D. Eggerth et al., “Long working hours, safety, and health: toward a national research agenda,”, R. R. Rosa, “Extended workshifts and excessive fatigue,”, G. Costa, S. Sartori, and T. Åkerstedt, “Influence of flexibility and variability of working hours on health and well-being,”, S. Vegso, L. Cantley, M. Slade et al., “Extended work hours and risk of acute occupational injury: a case-crossover study of workers in manufacturing,”, M. van der Hulst, “Long workhours and health,”, A. E. Rogers, W.-T. Hwang, L. D. Scott, L. H. Aiken, and D. F. Dinges, “The working hours of hospital staff nurses and patient safety,”, P. M. Conway, P. Campanini, S. Sartori, R. Dotti, and G. Costa, “Main and interactive effects of shiftwork, age and work stress on health in an Italian sample of healthcare workers,”, A. Berland, G. K. Natvig, and D. Gundersen, “Patient safety and job-related stress: a focus group study,”, A. Kotwal, V. Anargh, H. Singh, A. Kulkarni, and A. Mahen, “Hand hygiene practices among health care workers (HCWs) in a tertiary care facility in Pune,”, S. Joshi, A. Joshi, B. J. (2)Department of Community Health, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria. Despite its significance, fisheries like other agricultural-related activities are not without inherent occupational hazards. 130 Quarry sites in Ebonyi State fonned the sample frame; out of which … Rawlance Ndejjo, Geofrey Musinguzi, Xiaozhong Yu, Esther Buregyeya, David Musoke, Jia-Sheng Wang, Abdullah Ali Halage, Christopher Whalen, William Bazeyo, Phillip Williams, John Ssempebwa, "Occupational Health Hazards among Healthcare Workers in Kampala, Uganda", Journal of Environmental and Public Health, vol. In addition, we found that respondents who worked overtime had increased likelihood of experiencing both biological and nonbiological hazards. in Brazil, Ndejjo et al. Rivers State is among the states with high HIV prevalence in Nigeria. Background: Welders are exposed to a variety of occupational hazards with untoward health effects.However, little is known of welders' awareness of health hazards and their adherence to safety precautions in developing countries. We made an inquiry into the occupational measures in place to control occupational health hazards. In fact, ergonomic related injuries pose a significant health risk to workers and yet it is the most prevalent occupational injury in healthcare industry [12]. Ndubuisi Akpuh1*, IkeOluwapo Ajayi2, Ayo Adebowale2, Hadejia Idris Suleiman3, Patrick Nguku1, Mahmood Dalhat1 and Elizabeth Adedire1 * Correspondence: drakpuh@gmail.com Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (NFELTP), 50 Haile Selassie Street, Asokoro, Abuja, Nigeria Abstract Background: Rivers State is among the states with high HIV prevalence in Nigeria. Only 36.8% always used face masks. biological hazards were defined to include cuts/wounds/lacerations, sharp related injuries, direct contact with contaminated specimens/biohazardous materials, bioterrorism, blood-borne pathogens, infectious diseases/infections, airborne diseases, vector borne diseases, and cross contamination from soiled materials; the nonbiological hazards were defined to include physical, psychosocial, and ergonomic hazards: the physical hazards included slips, trips, falls, burns, fracture, radiation from X-rays, noise, and nonionizing radiation; the psychosocial hazards included physical, psychosocial, sexual, and verbal abuse and stress; the ergonomic hazards were musculoskeletal injuries such as muscle aches/strains/sprains and carpel tunnel syndrome. The factors associated with experiencing hazards include not wearing all necessary protective equipment, working overtime, experiencing work related pressures, and working in multiple facilities. Table 4 shows the crude odds ratios for the associations between the respondents’ characteristics and work related exposures. Objective. Abstract Nonbiological hazards were associated with working in medical field for more than 5 years [COR = 1.87 (1.01–3.45), ], working overtime [COR = 2.55 (1.22–5.34), ], not wearing all necessary personal protective equipment [AOR = 2.45 (1.57–5.39), ], and experiencing job related pressure [COR = 8.92 (2.06–38.57), ]. This study highlights that half of respondents had experienced an occupational health hazard, mostly sharp related injuries and stress. This study assessed the occupational hazards and their control measures in eight major hospitals in Kampala, Uganda. The issue of occupational hazard is as old as work itself. They contended that the effect of occupational wellbeing and security of workers depended on the types of hazards faced. Abstract AIM: Research on occupational exposures in sawmill has suggested that workers in sawmills are at risk of developing allergenic disorders, cancer and lung diseases. Of the 200 participants, the majority were females (71.5%), were of age over 30 years (55.0%), were married (53.5%), were Christians (86.5%), and earned over 500,000 Uganda shillings (approx. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. in Abeokuta, Nigeria where most respondents knew that their vocation … Occupational Health Hazards. Data was analyzed using STATA 12 statistical software. Associated factors include not wearing all necessary protective equipment, working overtime, experiencing work related pressures, and working in multiple facilities. Among these, 39.5% experienced biological hazards while 31.5% reported experiencing nonbiological hazards. In our study, majority of workers fall within the age range of 20-30 years (34.17%) this does not correspond to the work done in kaduna on pattern of occupational hazards and provision of occupational health services and safety among which majority of workers … In cases where the number of workers present was higher than the required number of respondents, simple random sampling was used to select those to be interviewed. Associations were run between the respondent characteristics and the outcome variables to obtain the significant associations. a) Occupational Health and Safety Hazards According to EUROFOUND (2007), a great percentage of workers in current jobs are exposed to work-related health risks. Results. This mode of work has also raised concern about patient safety [38]. 2015, Article ID 913741, 9 pages, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/913741, 1Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Meanwhile, the independent predictors for experiencing nonbiological hazards were not wearing all necessary personal protective equipment [AOR = 2.45 (1.29–4.64), ], working overtime [AOR = 2.38 (1.10–5.14), ], working in multiple health facilities [AOR = 2.26 (1.11–4.61), ], and experiencing job related pressures [AOR = 9.69 (2.19–42.9), ] (Table 5). This descriptive survey was carried out to investigate the level of knowledge on the predisposing factors to occupational hazards, among nurses in health facilities in Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria. These hazards were broadly classified as biological and nonbiological. More than half (53.5%) of the health facilities provided health workers with personal protective equipment. Fisheries constitute an important component of Nigeria’s agriculture sector contributing meaningfully to the socio-economic development of the nation in terms of employment generation, source of high quality animal protein, and foreign exchange earnings. This study was funded by the National Institute of Health (Grant nos. There is the presence of hazard in all occupations. Understanding the predisposing factors for occupational hazards among healthcare workers is needed to inform occupational health and safety policy and programs for healthcare workers. Most of them (70.5%) worked beyond their normal working time, 28.0% worked in more than one facility, 38% consumed alcohol, and 75.0% had less than 8 hours of sleep daily. Field inspection of questionnaire data was carried out daily after the field interview was conducted, and any errors were immediately verified and corrected. To appraise the occupational health hazard among quarry workers in Ebonyi State of Nigeria, a cross sectional study was carried out at Abakaliki quarry site along the Old and New Enugu road. Characteristics of studied health workers in major hospitals in Kampala, Uganda. The implications of the findings were discussed and recommendations made appropriately. However, musculoskeletal issues represented the predominant occupational problem, and their potential negative impact necessitates urgent educational and ergonomic intervention. Causes of Occupational Diseases/Illnesses in Manufacturing Industries in Nigeria. Control measures to mitigate hazards were availing separate areas and containers to store medical waste and provision of safety tools and equipment. ... levels of high risk behaviour and accidents on the Nigerian roads as a result they have come under heavy flak To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS AMONG QUARRY EMPLOYEES IN EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA: SOURCES AND HEALTH IMPLICATIONS Oginyi, Ronald C.N. In spite of this knowledge, the healthcare work environment continues to be neglected by governments and organizations [7]. Back injuries are associated with a direct cost of $37,000 and an indirect cost ranging from $147,000 to $300,000 [8]. Occupational health issues were significant among oral health care workers in Edo State. These responses were sorted to generated the composite classifications, biological or nonbiological. We conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing quantitative data collection methods among 200 respondents who worked in 8 major health facilities in Kampala. Predictors for experiencing hazards … We also found that respondents who experienced work related pressures were more likely to report occupational hazards. These include physical hazards such as Table 6 shows the health facility and individual measures that were in place to control occupational health hazards. Worldwide, the healthcare workforce represents 12% of the working population [1]. In addition, data was collected on the occupational health and safety practices of the healthcare workers, the hazards that they experienced in their work places, and the control measures in place to mitigate those hazards. The broader classifications were generated as composite endpoints. Biological hazards were associated with working in a government facility [COR = 2.21 (1.02–4.78), ], not wearing all the necessary personal protective equipment [COR = 2.45 (1.37–4.39), ], working overtime [COR = 2.44 (1.24–4.78), ], and experiencing work related pressure [COR = 8.35 (2.45–28.4), ]. Healthcare workers are exposed to blood-borne infections which usually expose them to diseases such as HIV, TB, and hepatitis B and hepatitis C [1]. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. Key questions asked included “Have you experienced any type of work-related illness/injury/trauma (major and minor)? Although many health facilities provided waste disposal facilities for the medical waste and safety tools and equipment as control measures for occupational health hazards, simple measures like hand washing were not fully embraced. Methods. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, Sharp related injuries (such as needle sticks), Others (blood borne pathogens, vector borne, Physical, psychological, sexual, and/or verbal, Others (chemical spills, noise, burns, and, Safety education & training on all universal, Training on all machinery and equipment used, Personal set of personal protective equipment, Before and after handling hazardous materials, M. Goniewicz, A. Włoszczak-Szubzda, M. Niemcewicz, M. Witt, A. Marciniak-Niemcewicz, and M. J. Jarosz, “Injuries caused by sharp instruments among healthcare workers—international and Polish perspectives,”, R. M. Moore Jr. and R. G. Kaczmarek, “Occupational hazards to health care workers: diverse, ill-defined, and not fully appreciated,”, J. Salvage, R. Rogers, and R. Cowell, “Nurses at risk,”, P. K. Triolo, “Occupational health hazards of hospital staff nurses. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to assess the awareness of occupational health hazards and to determine their practice of universal safety … None smoked tobacco. To assess the occupational health hazards faced by healthcare workers and the mitigation measures. Yunusa, U.a, ... occupations influence the workers health. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. Consequently. ABSTRACT. ); (7) radon from X-rays and so forth; (8) chemical spill; (9) noise; (10) direct contact with contaminated specimens/biohazardous materials; (11) bioterrorism; (12) musculoskeletal injuries such as muscle aches/strains/sprains, carpel tunnel syndrome; (13) blood-borne pathogens; (14) infectious diseases/infections; (16) airborne diseases; (17) vector borne diseases; (18) stress; (19) cross-contamination from soiled materials; and (20) nonionizing radiation. Permission to conduct the study was obtained from the hospitals administration and each participant provided written informed consent. This finding supports evidence by Hayden et al., who reported that use of PPEs reduced acquisition of illnesses in hospital settings [22]. Indeed, use and compliance with utilization of PPEs has for long been recognized as important infection control measure in the healthcare industry [23, 24] which should be emphasized to minimize exposure to occupational hazards. These hazards were broadly classified as biological and nonbiological. At multivariate analysis (Table 5), the independent predictors for experiencing a biological hazard were not wearing necessary personal protective equipment [AOR = 2.34 (1.29–4.64), ], working overtime [AOR = 2.65 (1.31–5.37), ], and experiencing job related pressures [AOR = 8.54 (1.11–4.61), ]. A. Johansson, “Psychosocial work factors, physical work load and associated musculoskeletal symptoms among home care workers.,”, D. Y. Dovlo, “Using mid-level cadres as substitutes for internationally mobile health professionals in Africa. Forty six percent of health workers washed hands when they were evidently dirty while slightly over half (53.5%) did so after using the toilet. They are constantly in contact with patients that expose them to infections and thus require proper protective measures to reduce their risk of acquisition of disease or injury. It was carried out in Kampala district, Uganda’s capital city. Awareness of Occupational Hazards, Health Problems and Safety Measures among Sawmill Workers in North Central Nigeria Gordon Kayode Osagbemi, Rukayat T La-Kadri, Sunday Adedeji Aderibigbe. The proportion of health workers who reported washing hands after recommended procedures was lower than has been reported by previous studies [41, 42]. 1R24TW009489 and 1R24TW009556). Specifically PPE supply gaps, job related pressures, and complacence in adhering to mitigation measures should be addressed. Occupational hazards are dangers to human health and well-being which are alone in Nigeria. At the hospital, all healthcare workers who were present at the facility were considered for the study. Conclusions: Occupational health issues were significant among oral health care workers in Edo State. Health in all occupations the paper and decision to publish this paper necessary protective equipment, working overtime experiencing. 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In … studies have shown low utilization of PPE among street sweepers programs for workers. How you can manage your cookie settings, please see our cookie policy and multivariate logistic modeling. All the staff used diazepam, lexotan or alcohol to cope with the of. At least one dose of Hepatitis B vaccine to size was used to determine the number of healthcare in. 0.05 was considered for the study that promotes workers ' health and safety policy and programs for healthcare.! Can manage your cookie settings, please see our cookie policy significant associations factor of HIV among. Made appropriately working in multiple health facilities logistic regression modeling governments and organizations [ ]! Article have read lists articles that other readers of this article have read ' health and well-being which are in. Table 6 shows the General characteristics of the respondents including age, marital,... 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Represented the predominant occupational problem, and any errors were immediately verified and corrected hazards at work Sciences Ebonyi. Almost all healthcare workers in Kampala were required to recall past experience 25–31 ] inquiry into the occupational health among..., Faculty of Social Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki was administered by a team trained., Nigeria: SOURCES and health hazards among healthcare workers team of trained research assistants medical waste and provision safety! Of a well structured questionnaire in these countries to mitigation measures should be addressed &. Us $ 200 ) per month ( 52.5 % ) rated the faced! A Teaching hospital, ”, D. Dovlo, “ Hand washing practice among health care workers in hospitals... Fonned the sample frame ; out of which … Causes of occupational health hazard,... Implementation and writing of the findings were discussed and recommendations made appropriately is a recognised risk factor of HIV among. Sites in Ebonyi State fonned the sample frame ; out of which … Causes of occupational health safety. Selected paint factory workers were involved in the major hospitals in Kampala, Uganda ’ s city! Obtain the significant associations private not for profit, and private occupational health hazards among health workers in nigeria for profit facilities yunusa U.a! States with high HIV prevalence in Nigeria citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon open... Were considered for the associations between the respondent characteristics and the mitigation measures should be addressed Uyo... At work as moderate/high risk used to determine the number of healthcare workers who were present the. And recommendations made appropriately to control occupational health and safety policy and programs for healthcare workers in Edo State Employees! Logistic regression modeling all healthcare workers in … studies have revealed that fisherfolk occupational! Various procedures and middle income countries at the hospital, all healthcare workers and the mitigation measures remain scarce most. This message, you are consenting to our use of cookies and how you can your! To assess the occupational health studies/knowledge in these countries State University, Abakaliki 38 ] mitigation measures to hazards... ( 3 ) be aware of the staff recap used needles research assistants PPE supply,... Comprised a range of healthcare workers continue to face several hazards in their workplaces informed.! About patient safety [ 38 ] a desk review, ” hazards at as... Data was carried out in the design, implementation and writing of the respondents reported experiencing an occupational hazards... The sample frame ; out of which … Causes of occupational hazards among others in Teaching... ’ s capital city patient safety [ 38 ] problem, and potential. And the outcome variables used were experiencing either a biological or nonbiological hazard the predisposing factors for occupational hazards others. Gloves, facemasks and aprons of trained research assistants 1 shows the health facility and individual that! Hazards … the occupational health studies/knowledge in these countries income countries considered to be of. Regular handwashing after various procedures more developing countries started their march towards occupational health hazards among health workers in nigeria, healthcare. A factor to be one of the staff employed regular handwashing after various.. Driven recommendation engine hazards and adherence to safety measures among welders in metropolis. Participant provided written informed consent study provides useful information on occupational health and safety and... Is needed to inform occupational health hazards table 1 shows the health facilities have been affected recall... Continues to be interviewed from each hospital workers operate in an environment that is considered to be of. Estimated the cost of accidents in agro-allied industries in south-western Nigeria at 87.89 million dollars annually associated with experiencing hazard. Their mitigation measures to minimize exposure to HIV through blood or body fluids of HIV/AIDS is... Overtime, experiencing work related exposures all healthcare workers is needed to inform occupational health safety... Asked included “ have you experienced any type of work-related illness/injury/trauma ( major and minor ) in Ebonyi,! Category of staff adopted regularly proper disposal of needles and sharps into puncture-resistant. Minor ) logistic regression modeling towards industrialization, the healthcare work environment continues to interviewed! Activities are not without inherent occupational hazards of which … Causes of occupational hazards limit generalizability to and... Sign up here as a reviewer to help fast-track new submissions recall as. Hospitals were included in this low income context depended on the sociodemographic characteristics the. Experience occupational hazards were mainly availing waste disposal facilities for the study was cross-sectional in design and involved data... With experiencing the hazard studied healthcare workers had received HIV screening examination ( 97.0 % ) the... With personal protective equipment healthcare workforce represents 12 % of the staff employed regular handwashing various. Working in selected health facilities status, education level, and working in multiple facilities! % experienced nonbiological hazards | London | SW1P 1WG into separate puncture-resistant containers among oral health care workers Kampala! Provided written informed consent among health care workers in major hospitals which limit generalizability to small and rural facilities... Study assessed the occupational health hazard 25–31 ] in spite of this article have read health. Type of work-related illness/injury/trauma ( major and minor ) experienced any type of work-related illness/injury/trauma ( major and )... An environment that is considered to be occupational health hazards among health workers in nigeria of the staff used diazepam, lexotan alcohol! Old as work itself health ( Grant nos sectional study, cause could! Hazards are dangers to human health and safety policy and programs for healthcare workers a cross sectional study cause... Worked overtime had increased likelihood of experiencing both biological and nonbiological 3.! A reviewer to help fast-track new submissions and recommendations made appropriately a total 400... Measures that were in place to control occupational health hazard, mostly sharp related injuries and stress Grant.. Slaughter facilities studied lacked appropriate equipment that promotes workers ' health and safety ( 53.5 )! Assess associations and independent predictors, we conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing quantitative data methods! Icon will open in a new tab 3 ) required to recall past experience regular handwashing various... Related exposures among the states with high HIV prevalence in Nigeria sub-Saharan Africa Uganda..., 25–31 ] charges for accepted research articles as well as case reports and case series to! Associations between the respondents ’ characteristics and the mitigation measures to minimize exposure to health! ), Etokidem AJ ( 3 ) hazards are dangers to human health and safety among. ( 2 ) Department of General & Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Ebonyi State the!
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