Sustainability
Here you find an objective look on aspects of the city’s sustainability.
Development with respect for nature and the citizen is one of the goals of Rio de Janeiro.
Sustainable Mobility
The vehicle fleet using non-petroleum based fuels in the City of Rio de Janeiro grew at an average annual rate of 10.3% between 2009 and 2011, while the petroleum dependent fleet grew only 1.2% during the same period.
Total and percentage active fleet by type of fuel - City of Rio de Janeiro
| 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tipo de Combustível | Total | (%) | Total | (%) | Total | (%) | |
| Gasoline | 1.218.911 | 54,1 | 1.221.461 | 51,6 | 1.235.216 | 49,6 | |
| Ethanol | 219.424 | 9,7 | 217.153 | 9,2 | 215.337 | 8,7 | |
| Ethanol/Gasoline | 340.878 | 15,1 | 432.997 | 18,3 | 515.328 | 20,7 | |
| Diesel | 85.577 | 3,8 | 93.003 | 3,9 | 101.879 | 4,1 | |
| VNG (1) | 371.576 | 16,5 | 384.153 | 16,2 | 403.952 | 16,2 | |
| VNG (2) | 12 | 0,001 | 11 | 0,0005 | 11 | 0,0004 | |
| Others (3) | 259 | 0,012 | 261 | 0,011 | 259 | 0,010 | |
| Not Motorized | 15.395 | 0,7 | 16.311 | 0,7 | 17.395 | 0,7 | |
| Total | 2.252.032 | 100,0 | 2.365.350 | 100,0 | 2.489.377 | 100,0 |
Source: Department of Transit of the State of Rio de Janeiro - DETRAN.
Available at: 03/20/2012.
Notes: The data is reviewed on a monthly basis and may vary due to the records accessed to prepare this chart.
(1) VNG = Vehicular Natural Gas. Includes ethanol + VNG; gasoline + VNG; diesel + VNG; ethanol + gasoline + VNG.
(2) VMG = Vehicular Manufactured Gas. Includes gasoline + VMG.
(3) Other: Includes Gasogene, Methane Gas, Electric (Internal Source), Electric (External Source).
Total active fleet by type of vehicle
| 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Rio | Brazil | % Brazil | Rio | Brazil | % Brazil | Rio | Brazil | % Brazil | |
| Automobiles | 1.521.716 | 34.536.667 | 4,4 | 1.593.150 | 37.188.341 | 4,3 | 1.666.108 | 39.832.919 | 4,2 | |
| Trucks | 29.407 | 2.026.269 | 1,5 | 31.599 | 2.143.467 | 1,5 | 34.182 | 2.274.947 | 1,5 | |
| Small Trucks | 75.186 | 3.835.242 | 2,0 | 82.243 | 4.285.690 | 1,9 | 90.977 | 4.762.943 | 1,9 | |
| Pick Up Trucks | 83.148 | 1.704.130 | 4,9 | 92.065 | 1.859.043 | 5,0 | 103.563 | 2.066.383 | 5,0 | |
| Motorcycles | 161.306 | 12.415.764 | 1,3 | 179.368 | 13.950.448 | 1,3 | 200.037 | 15.579.899 | 1,3 | |
| Buses and Micro Buses | 27.411 | 673.084 | 4,1 | 29.487 | 722.682 | 4,1 | 31.728 | 783.358 | 4,1 | |
| Other (1) | 49.448 | 4.170.486 | 1,2 | 55.563 | 4.664.376 | 1,2 | 63.755 | 5.239.732 | 1,2 | |
| Total | 1.947.622 | 59.361.642 | 3,3 | 2.063.475 | 64.814.047 | 3,2 | 2.190.350 | 70.540.181 | 3,1 |
Source: DENATRAN.
Note: (1) Other: Includes Scooters, Tricycles, Trailers, Semi-Trailers, Tractor-Trucks, Wheel tractors, Tread Tractors, Quadricycles, Side-cars, Utility Vehicles and Motorized Bicycles.
Bicycle lane data for the City of Rio de Janeiro
| Bicycle Lane Urban Network | 235 km | |
| % of the population that use for short and average distance displacements | 4% | |
| Trips/Day) | 1 million |
Environmental Heritage
46% of the City of Rio de Janeiro are protected areas. Of this total, 22,839 hectares correspond to areas of complete environmental protection.
Protected Areas by Category - City of Rio de Janeiro 2011
| Name | Category | Conservation Unit(UC) | Area (Ha) | Responsibility | Department | Protection Level of the Conservation Unit (UC) | Date of Creation (dd/mm/aaaa) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| APA da Fazenda da Taquara | APA | yes | 8,46 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 07/06/2002 | |
| APA da Fazendinha da Penha | APA | yes | 13,24 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 14/12/1984 | |
| APA das Tabebuias | APA | yes | 61,75 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 08/12/1999 | |
| APA de Sepetiba II | APA | yes | 171,61 | State | INEA | Sustainable Use | 28/12/2004 | |
| APA das Pontas de Copacabana e Arpoador e seus Entornos | APA | yes | 24,79 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 04/01/1994 | |
| APA da Orla Marítima | APA | yes | 215,49 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 06/07/1988 | |
| APA da Paisagem e Areal do Pontal | APA | yes | 22,95 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 03/08/2000 | |
| APA da Pedra Branca | APA | yes | 5.338,51 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 28/03/1988 | |
| APA das Brisas | APA | yes | 102,81 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 05/10/1992 | |
| APA da Serra da Capoeira Grande | APA | yes | 475,29 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 30/06/1999 | |
| APA do Morro do Silvúrio | APA | yes | 148,47 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 07/07/1999 | |
| APA da Serra dos Pretos Forros | APA | yes | 2.705,89 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 14/11/2000 | |
| APA do Várzea Country Clube | APA | yes | 7,75 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 07/01/1991 | |
| APA de São José | APA | yes | 108,89 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 01/10/1991 | |
| APA do Bairro da Freguesia | APA | yes | 360,51 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 11/12/1992 | |
| APA do Morro da Saudade | APA | yes | 55,01 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 28/09/1992 | |
| APA dos Morros da Babilônia e São João | APA | yes | 122,72 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 05/06/1996 | |
| APA dos Morros do Leme e Urubu | APA | yes | 122,20 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 11/12/1990 | |
| APA do Morro da Viúva | APA | yes | 16,53 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 12/12/1997 | |
| APA do Morro do Valqueire | APA | yes | 166,08 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 04/12/2001 | |
| APA da Orla da Baía de Sepetiba | APA | yes | 9.802,62 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 28/03/1988 | |
| APA de Grumari | APA | yes | 1.000,02 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 30/12/1986 | |
| APA da Prainha | APA | yes | 157,08 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 11/01/1990 | |
| APA do Parque Municipal Ecológico de Marapendi | APA | yes | 916,54 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 15/08/1991 | |
| APA de Gericinó/Mendanha | APA | yes | 3.098,00 | State | INEA | Sustainable Use | 05/09/2005 | |
| APA do Morro dos Cabritos | APA | yes | 128,06 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 28/09/1992 | |
| APA de Sacopã | APA | yes | 94,75 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 28/10/1986 | |
| APA de Santa Teresa | APAC | no | 515,72 | Municipal | SMC | - | 09/01/1984 | |
| APARU do Alto da Boa Vista | APARU | yes | 3.210,88 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 21/08/1992 | |
| APARU da Serra da Misericórdia | APARU | yes | 3.598,67 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 14/11/2000 | |
| APARU do Jequiá | APARU | yes | 142,50 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 31/08/1993 | |
| ARIE das Ilhas Cagarras | ARIE | yes | 39,66 | Federal | ICMBio | Sustainable Use | 18/09/1989 | |
| ARIE de São Conrado | ARIE | yes | 82,91 | Municipal | SMAC | Sustainable Use | 04/12/2003 | |
| Jardim Botânico | Botanical Garden | no | 134,77 | Federal | IPJB-RJ | - | 13/06/1808 | |
| Monumento Natural dos Morros do Pão de Açúcar e da Urca | Natural Monument | no | 91,48 | Municipal | SMAC | Complete Protection | 01/06/2006 | |
| Ilha do Pinheiro | Other | no | 21,41 | Municipal | SMAC | - | 01/10/1991 | |
| Pedra da Gávea | Other | no | 29,75 | Federal | ICMBio | - | 05/04/1978 | |
| Ilha da Coroa | Other | no | 2,02 | Municipal | SMAC | - | 08/11/1978 | |
| APARU do Jequiá - área de entorno | Other | no | 0,00 | Municipal | SMAC | - | 31/08/1993 | |
| Parque Henrique Lage | Park | yes | 51,09 | Federal | ICMBio | Complete Protection | 24/02/2002¹ | |
| Parque Natural Municipal da Serra da Capoeira Grande | Park | yes | 20,99 | Municipal | SMAC | Complete Protection | 01/04/2002 | |
| Parque Natural Municipal do Mendanha | Park | yes | 1.052,34 | Municipal | SMAC | Complete Protection | 05/04/1993 | |
| Parque Estadual do Grajaú | Park | yes | 54,73 | State | INEA | Complete Protection | 22/06/1978 | |
| Parque Natural Municipal Professor Melo Barreto | Park | yes | 5,20 | Municipal | SMAC | Complete Protection | 16/03/2007 | |
| Parque Natural Municipal Darke de Mattos | Park | yes | 7,05 | Municipal | SMAC | Complete Protection | 18/05/1976 | |
| Parque Natural Municipal da Cidade | Park | yes | 46,78 | Municipal | SMAC | Complete Protection | 03/07/2008 | |
| Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca | Park | yes | 12.871,80 | State | INEA | Complete Protection | 28/06/1974 | |
| Parque Natural Municipal Bosque da Barra | Park | yes | 53,16 | Municipal | SMAC | Complete Protection | 03/06/1983 | |
| Parque Natural Municipal da Freguesia (Bosque da Freguesia) | Park | yes | 29,88 | Municipal | SMAC | Complete Protection | 11/12/1992 | |
| Parque Natural Municipal de Grumari | Park | yes | 793,79 | Municipal | SMAC | Complete Protection | 02/07/2001 | |
| Parque Natural Municipal da Prainha | Park | yes | 146,04 | Municipal | SMAC | Complete Protection | 25/03/1999 | |
| Parque Natural Municipal da Catacumba | Park | yes | 29,34 | Municipal | SMAC | Complete Protection | 19/01/1979 | |
| Parque Natural Municipal de Marapendi | Park | yes | 158,84 | Municipal | SMAC | Complete Protection | 03/04/1978 | |
| Parque Estadual da Chacrinha | Park | yes | 3,71 | State | INEA | Complete Protection | 22/05/1969 | |
| Parque Natural Municipal Fonte da Saudade | Park | yes | 1,96 | Municipal | SMAC | Complete Protection | 14/11/2000 | |
| Parque Natural Municipal Jose Guilherme Merquior | Park | yes | 6,39 | Municipal | SMAC | Complete Protection | 14/11/2000 | |
| Parque Nacional da Tijuca | Park | yes | 3.972,61 | Federal | ICMBio | Complete Protection | 06/07/1961 | |
| Parque Natural Municipal do Penhasco Dois Irmãos | Park | yes | 39,55 | Municipal | SMAC | Complete Protection | 21/12/1992 | |
| Parque Natural Municipal Chico Mendes | Park | yes | 41,66 | Municipal | SMAC | Complete Protection | 08/05/1989 | |
| Reserva Biologica Estadual de Guaratiba | Biological Reserve | yes | 3.360,18 | State | INEA | Complete Protection | 20/11/1974 | |
| Pedra de Itapuã | Registered | no | 0,37 | State | INEPAC | - | 17/10/1968 | |
| Morro Dois Irmãos (Maciço da Pedra Branca) | Registered | no | 41,84 | State | INEPAC | - | 05/04/1990 | |
| Espelho d'água da Enseada de Botafogo | Registered | no | 173,45 | Municipal | SMC | - | 01/03/1988 | |
| Pedra da Baleia | Registered | no | 6,82 | State | INEPAC | - | 28/01/1983 | |
| Morro do Urubu | Registered | no | 19,71 | State | INEPAC | - | 01/01/1972 | |
| Morro do Portelo | Registered | no | 23,04 | State | INEPAC | - | 28/01/1983 | |
| Morro do Rangel | Registered | no | 46,27 | State | INEPAC | - | 13/03/1975 | |
| Pontal de Sernambetiba | Registered | no | 14,63 | State | INEPAC | - | 28/01/1983 | |
| Pedra de Itaúna | Registered | no | 12,51 | State | INEPAC | - | 13/03/1975 | |
| Morro do Cantagalo | Registered | no | 34,43 | State | INEPAC | - | 28/01/1983 | |
| Morro do Amorim | Registered | no | 41,26 | State | INEPAC | - | 28/01/1983 | |
| Pedra da Panela | Registered | no | 25,38 | State | INEPAC | - | 04/03/1969 | |
| Morro do Ipiranga, Praia do Recôncavo e do Cardo | Registered | no | 1,64 | Municipal | SMC | - | 05/10/2000 | |
| Pedra da Babilônia | Registered | no | 3,61 | Municipal | SMC | - | 29/04/1994 | |
| 56.508 |
Source: SMAC
APA - Environmental Protection Area
APARU - Environmental Protection and Urban Recovery Area
ARIE - Area of Relevant Ecological Interest
APAC - Cultural Environment Protection Area
¹ Registered by the Government on 06/14/1957. Registration renewed on 03/30/1976. Recuperated and Reinaugurated on 02/24/2002
The 'Mutirão de Reflorestamento' (Reforestation) program exists since 1984. Since its creation, more than 5 million seedlings have been planted. The total reforested area is equal to 52% of the Tijuca National Park or five times the area of Copacabana.
32% of the seedlings were planted in Planning Area 3 which concentrates 38% of the municipality's total population and presents the smallest vegetal coverage.
Reforested Areas and Number of Seedlings Planted by the 'Mutirão de Reflorestamento' (Reforestation) program between 1984 and 2011 by AP
| Planning Area | # of Projects | area Reforested area (ha) | % area / AP | Planted Seedlings | % Seedlings / AP | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11 | 77,16 | 4% | 222.200 | 4% | |
| 2 | 29 | 374,34 | 18% | 969.000 | 19% | |
| 3 | 32 | 647,61 | 31% | 1.639.000 | 32% | |
| 4 | 23 | 361,24 | 17% | 830.196 | 16% | |
| 5 | 37 | 614,1 | 30% | 1.503.346 | 29% | |
| Total | 132 | 2.074,45 | 100% | 5.163.742 | 100% |
Source: SMAC
Use of Soil in Rio de Janeiro – 2012
Áreas Urbanizadas
| Residential Areas | 362,8 km² | 29,6% | |
| Undeveloped Areas | 41,7 km² | 3,4% | |
| Institutional and Public Infrastructure Areas | 21,3 km² | 1,7% | |
| Commerce and Services Areas | 22,2 km² | 1,8% | |
| Shantytown | 45,8 km² | 3,7% | |
| Leisure Areas | 21,6 km² | 1,8% | |
| Education and Healthcare Areas | 11,1 km² | 0,9% | |
| Industrial Areas | 30,1 km² | 2,5% | |
| Transportation Areas | 17,1 km² | 1,4% | |
| Mineral Exploration Areas | 6,4 km² | 0,5% | |
| Partial Total | 580 km² | 47,4% |
Áreas Não Urbanizadas
| Forest (Arboreal and Shrub) | 387,4 km² | 31,6% | |
| Field (Woody-Grassy) | 138,2 km² | 11,3% | |
| Agricultural Areas | 40,7 km² | 3,3% | |
| Rock Outcrops and Sedimentary Deposits | 19,7 km² | 1,6% | |
| Bodies of Water | 26,1 km² | 2,1% | |
| Flood Risk Area | 32,5 km² | 2,7% | |
| Partial Total: | 644,6 km² | 52,6% |
Área Total do Mapeamento: 1.224,6 km²
Fonte: IPP e SMAC – Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente.
Map of Vegetation Coverage and Land Use in the City of Rio de Janeiro – 2011
Mata Atlântica Vegetation
Dm |
Dense Ombrophilous Mountain Forest | 882 ha | 0,7% |
Ds |
Dense Ombrophilous Sub-Mountain Forest | 347 ha | 0,3% |
V1 |
Secondary Vegetation – Initial Stage | 3.096 ha | 2,5% |
V2 |
Secondary Vegetation – Intermediate Stage | 6.117 ha | 5,0% |
V3 |
Secondary Vegetation – Advanced Stage | 16.500 ha | 13,5% |
Re |
Sandbank | 266 ha | 1,5% |
Man |
Mangrove | 3.399 ha | 2,8% |
Cs |
Saline Field | 1.323 ha | 1,1% |
Br |
Swamp | 1.666 ha | 1,4% |
| Total Parcial | 35.290 ha | 28,9% |
Urban areas and occupied by man
Au |
Urbanized Area | 53.117 ha | 43,5% |
Ag |
Agriculture | 5.249 ha | 4,3% |
Va |
Arboreo-Shrub Vegetation | 8.662 ha | 7,1% |
Vg |
Woody-grassy Vegetation | 13.593 ha | 11,1% |
Aem |
Mineral Exploration Areas | 347 ha | 0,3% |
Se |
Exposed Soil | 68 ha | 0,1% |
| Partial Total | 81.037 ha | 66,4% |
Other Classes
Afr |
Rock outcrop | 759 ha | 0,6% |
Cac |
Continental body of water | 2.131 ha | 1,7% |
Pr |
Beach | 653 ha | 0,5% |
R |
Reforestation | 2.158 ha | 1,9% |
| Partial Total | 5.805 ha | 4,8% |
Total Mapped Area: 112.131 ha
Source: IPP e SMAC – Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente.
Note: the results for the Reforestation class present a slight difference to those presented in Chart XXX, with the results of the Roforestation Program, due to differences in information gathering methodology. Reforestation areas are Mapped through the use of satellite images, while the Program uses, in addition to this, help from field topography and Global Positioning System (GPS).
| Ano | Município | AP 1 | AP 2 | AP 3 | AP 4 | AP 5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2 | - | - | - | - | 2 | |
| 1991 | 33,4 | - | 19,5 | - | 11,9 | 2 | |
| 1992 | 35,2 | - | 21,3 | - | 11,9 | 2 | |
| 1993 | 35,2 | - | 21,3 | - | 11,9 | 2 | |
| 1994 | 35,2 | - | 21,3 | - | 11,9 | 2 | |
| 1995 | 35,2 | - | 21,3 | - | 11,9 | 2 | |
| 1996 | 66,8 | 0,5 | 39,9 | 1,5 | 22,9 | 2 | |
| 1997 | 66,8 | 0,5 | 39,9 | 1,5 | 22,9 | 2 | |
| 1998 | 66,8 | 0,5 | 39,9 | 1,5 | 22,9 | 2 | |
| 1999 | 79,6 | 0,5 | 47,6 | 3,1 | 22,9 | 5,5 | |
| 2000 | 97,2 | 0,5 | 48,7 | 3,1 | 22,9 | 22 | |
| 2001 | 97,2 | 0,5 | 48,7 | 3,1 | 22,9 | 22 | |
| 2002 | 125,5 | 0,5 | 54,7 | 7,4 | 35,3 | 27,6 | |
| 2003 | 134,1 | 0,5 | 56,5 | 7,4 | 42,1 | 27,6 | |
| 2004 | 141,2 | 0,5 | 56,5 | 8,1 | 48,5 | 27,6 | |
| 2005 | 141,2 | 0,5 | 56,5 | 8,1 | 48,5 | 27,6 | |
| 2006 | 141,2 | 0,5 | 56,5 | 8,1 | 48,5 | 27,6 | |
| 2007 | 141,2 | 0,5 | 56,5 | 8,1 | 48,5 | 27,6 | |
| 2008 | 141,2 | 0,5 | 56,5 | 8,1 | 48,5 | 27,6 | |
| 2009 | 152,1 | 0,5 | 67,4 | 8,1 | 48,5 | 27,6 | |
| 2010 | 174,2 | 0,5 | 71,7 | 18,0 | 50,8 | 33,2 | |
| 2011 | 228,8 | 0,5 | 81,2 | 18,0 | 70,3 | 58,8 |
Source: IPP e SMAC - Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente.
Note: - Numerical data equal to zero not result from rounding up or down.